Combinatorial Effect of Nanoformulated Natural Compounds and Conventional Drugs Targeting Nucleolin Expression in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches that enhance efficacy while minimizing toxicity. This research investigates the combinatorial effects of nanoformulated natural compounds and conventional chemotherapeutic agents targeting nucleolin expression in breast cancer cells. Nucleolin, a multifunctional protein overexpressed in various cancers, represents a promising therapeutic target due to its role in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We developed novel nanoformulations incorporating curcumin and quercetin, combined with conventional drugs like doxorubicin and paclitaxel, to evaluate synergistic anti-cancer effects. Our findings demonstrate that nanoformulated natural compounds significantly enhance the cytotoxic effects of conventional drugs while reducing required dosages by approximately 60%. The combination therapy showed superior nucleolin downregulation compared to monotherapies, with improved cellular uptake and sustained drug release profiles. This approach offers a promising strategy for developing safer and more effective breast cancer treatments by harnessing the benefits of both natural compounds and conventional therapeutics through advanced nanotechnology-based delivery systems.